See localcollegeexplorer for France History.
The restoration of the legitimistic monarchical principle under the sign of the Restoration was not able to undo the social and legal political achievements of the revolution. Domestic political development was essentially determined by the notable elite, consisting of the…
Read more
Painting French impressionism had a pioneering effect on the emergence of modern painting in Europe. P. Cézanne continued the tendency introduced by the Impressionists towards the flatness of the picture and formed his motifs from color patches graded in their…
Read more
Republic of the »opportunists« (1879–1898) While the upper bourgeoisie expanded their key positions in the economy and banking and the nobility, especially in the western parts of the country and in the army, retained their leadership role, the renunciation of…
Read more
Architecture In the ornament-loving Art nouveau (entrances to the subway stations in Paris by H. Guimard, 1899–1900) there was an anti-classical tendency at the turn of the 20th century. After 1900 iron was replaced by the reinforced concrete that A….
Read more
Beginnings The area of what is now France already offered space to the early man of the Paleolithic. Tools and cave paintings, as in Chauvet and Lascaux, testify to their skills. Various Western European cultures with Central European and Mediterranean…
Read more
Until well into the 19th century, French art was caught between classicism and romantic currents. The classicist outlook, pushed back in the Rococo, broke through again with the French Revolution. Architecture The representatives of the so-called revolutionary architecture, C.-N. Ledoux…
Read more
After the first phase (1341–43) of the War of the Breton Succession, the English tried in vain to force a quick decision despite significant military victories at Crécy (1346; today Crécy-en-Ponthieu) and Maupertuis (1356, capture of King John II). The…
Read more
Architecture The 17th century brought the completion of the classic French art of palace architecture. With the Palais du Luxembourg by S. de Brosse (1615–31), the new wings of the Louvre, representative plazas (Place des Vosges, 1605 ff.; Place Dauphine,…
Read more
After the Franconian empire was divided in the Treaty of Verdun in 843 between the sons of Emperor Ludwig the Pious (Lothar I, Ludwig the German, Karl II, the Bald), Charles II was able to rule over the western empire…
Read more
Nice According to abbreviationfinder, Nice is a city on the French Mediterranean coast, in the arched Baie des Anges at the foot of the foothills of the Maritime Alps, 343,000 residents (agglomeration 1 million residents);Catholic bishopric, university (founded 1965), art…
Read more
Paris According to abbreviationfinder, Paris is the capital and largest city of France, located on both sides of the Seine below the mouth of the Marne, 2.2 million residents (2016) (11.4 million residents in the metropolitan area). Paris is a…
Read more
Religion The constitution (Article 2) guarantees freedom of religion and legally equates all religious communities. There has been a strict legal separation of church and state since 1905. Alsace and part of Lorraine (Moselle), which belonged to the German Empire…
Read more